算法主要原理
算法流程如下：
算法步骤
实现AES的加密流程大部分不难，主要是比较繁琐，理清了思路就很好做了。其中最难处理的部分是列混淆，因为列混淆涉及到了有限域上的乘法运算。这部分内容在代码中的注释都比较详细，就不过多赘述。
剩余的过程代码注释也都比较详细，不多说了。
参考代码
aes.py
# AES 128 bit encryption and decryption
# 128 bit 密钥 == 16 bytes == 32位十六进制
# 192 bit 密钥 == 24 bytes == 48位十六进制
# 256 bit 密钥 == 32 bytes == 64位十六进制
Sbox = (
0x63, 0x7C, 0x77, 0x7B, 0xF2, 0x6B, 0x6F, 0xC5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2B, 0xFE, 0xD7, 0xAB, 0x76,
0xCA, 0x82, 0xC9, 0x7D, 0xFA, 0x59, 0x47, 0xF0, 0xAD, 0xD4, 0xA2, 0xAF, 0x9C, 0xA4, 0x72, 0xC0,
0xB7, 0xFD, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3F, 0xF7, 0xCC, 0x34, 0xA5, 0xE5, 0xF1, 0x71, 0xD8, 0x31, 0x15,
0x04, 0xC7, 0x23, 0xC3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9A, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xE2, 0xEB, 0x27, 0xB2, 0x75,
0x09, 0x83, 0x2C, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x6E, 0x5A, 0xA0, 0x52, 0x3B, 0xD6, 0xB3, 0x29, 0xE3, 0x2F, 0x84,
0x53, 0xD1, 0x00, 0xED, 0x20, 0xFC, 0xB1, 0x5B, 0x6A, 0xCB, 0xBE, 0x39, 0x4A, 0x4C, 0x58, 0xCF,
0xD0, 0xEF, 0xAA, 0xFB, 0x43, 0x4D, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xF9, 0x02, 0x7F, 0x50, 0x3C, 0x9F, 0xA8,
0x51, 0xA3, 0x40, 0x8F, 0x92, 0x9D, 0x38, 0xF5, 0xBC, 0xB6, 0xDA, 0x21, 0x10, 0xFF, 0xF3, 0xD2,
0xCD, 0x0C, 0x13, 0xEC, 0x5F, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xC4, 0xA7, 0x7E, 0x3D, 0x64, 0x5D, 0x19, 0x73,
0x60, 0x81, 0x4F, 0xDC, 0x22, 0x2A, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xEE, 0xB8, 0x14, 0xDE, 0x5E, 0x0B, 0xDB,
0xE0, 0x32, 0x3A, 0x0A, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5C, 0xC2, 0xD3, 0xAC, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xE4, 0x79,
0xE7, 0xC8, 0x37, 0x6D, 0x8D, 0xD5, 0x4E, 0xA9, 0x6C, 0x56, 0xF4, 0xEA, 0x65, 0x7A, 0xAE, 0x08,
0xBA, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2E, 0x1C, 0xA6, 0xB4, 0xC6, 0xE8, 0xDD, 0x74, 0x1F, 0x4B, 0xBD, 0x8B, 0x8A,
0x70, 0x3E, 0xB5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xF6, 0x0E, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xB9, 0x86, 0xC1, 0x1D, 0x9E,
0xE1, 0xF8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xD9, 0x8E, 0x94, 0x9B, 0x1E, 0x87, 0xE9, 0xCE, 0x55, 0x28, 0xDF,
0x8C, 0xA1, 0x89, 0x0D, 0xBF, 0xE6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2D, 0x0F, 0xB0, 0x54, 0xBB, 0x16,
)
InvSbox = (
0x52, 0x09, 0x6A, 0xD5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xA5, 0x38, 0xBF, 0x40, 0xA3, 0x9E, 0x81, 0xF3, 0xD7, 0xFB,
0x7C, 0xE3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9B, 0x2F, 0xFF, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8E, 0x43, 0x44, 0xC4, 0xDE, 0xE9, 0xCB,
0x54, 0x7B, 0x94, 0x32, 0xA6, 0xC2, 0x23, 0x3D, 0xEE, 0x4C, 0x95, 0x0B, 0x42, 0xFA, 0xC3, 0x4E,
0x08, 0x2E, 0xA1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xD9, 0x24, 0xB2, 0x76, 0x5B, 0xA2, 0x49, 0x6D, 0x8B, 0xD1, 0x25,
0x72, 0xF8, 0xF6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xD4, 0xA4, 0x5C, 0xCC, 0x5D, 0x65, 0xB6, 0x92,
0x6C, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xFD, 0xED, 0xB9, 0xDA, 0x5E, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xA7, 0x8D, 0x9D, 0x84,
0x90, 0xD8, 0xAB, 0x00, 0x8C, 0xBC, 0xD3, 0x0A, 0xF7, 0xE4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xB8, 0xB3, 0x45, 0x06,
0xD0, 0x2C, 0x1E, 0x8F, 0xCA, 0x3F, 0x0F, 0x02, 0xC1, 0xAF, 0xBD, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8A, 0x6B,
0x3A, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4F, 0x67, 0xDC, 0xEA, 0x97, 0xF2, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0xF0, 0xB4, 0xE6, 0x73,
0x96, 0xAC, 0x74, 0x22, 0xE7, 0xAD, 0x35, 0x85, 0xE2, 0xF9, 0x37, 0xE8, 0x1C, 0x75, 0xDF, 0x6E,
0x47, 0xF1, 0x1A, 0x71, 0x1D, 0x29, 0xC5, 0x89, 0x6F, 0xB7, 0x62, 0x0E, 0xAA, 0x18, 0xBE, 0x1B,
0xFC, 0x56, 0x3E, 0x4B, 0xC6, 0xD2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9A, 0xDB, 0xC0, 0xFE, 0x78, 0xCD, 0x5A, 0xF4,
0x1F, 0xDD, 0xA8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xC7, 0x31, 0xB1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xEC, 0x5F,
0x60, 0x51, 0x7F, 0xA9, 0x19, 0xB5, 0x4A, 0x0D, 0x2D, 0xE5, 0x7A, 0x9F, 0x93, 0xC9, 0x9C, 0xEF,
0xA0, 0xE0, 0x3B, 0x4D, 0xAE, 0x2A, 0xF5, 0xB0, 0xC8, 0xEB, 0xBB, 0x3C, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61,
0x17, 0x2B, 0x04, 0x7E, 0xBA, 0x77, 0xD6, 0x26, 0xE1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0C, 0x7D,
)
# xtime函数，用于有限域上的乘法运算
# 如果a的最高位为1，则左移1位后与0x1B异或，否则直接左移1位
# 0x1B 是 0001 1011 的十六进制表示，
# 0xFF 是 1111 1111 的十六进制表示，& 0xFF 运算只保留最低8位，其余位为0
# 0x80 是 1000 0000 的十六进制表示，& 0x80 运算只保留最高位，其余位为0
xtime = lambda a: (((a << 1) ^ 0x1B) & 0xFF) if (a & 0x80) else (a << 1)
# Rcon常量，用于密钥扩展
Rcon = (
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40,
0x80, 0x1B, 0x36, 0x6C, 0xD8, 0xAB, 0x4D, 0x9A,
0x2F, 0x5E, 0xBC, 0x63, 0xC6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6A,
0xD4, 0xB3, 0x7D, 0xFA, 0xEF, 0xC5, 0x91, 0x39,
)
def text2matrix(text):
# 将文本转换为矩阵
matrix = []
for i in range(16):
# 每次取出8位（1字节）
byte = (text >> (8 * (15 - i))) & 0xFF
if i % 4 == 0:
# 每4个字节开始一个新行
matrix.append([byte])
else:
# 将字节添加到当前行
matrix[int(i / 4)].append(byte)
return matrix
def matrix2text(matrix):
# 将矩阵转换为文本
text = 0
for i in range(4):
for j in range(4):
# 将每个字节移动到正确的位置并组合
text |= (matrix[i][j] << (120 - 8 * (4 * i + j)))
return text
class AES:
def __init__(self, master_key):
# 初始化密钥
self.change_key(master_key)
def change_key(self, master_key):
# 更改密钥
self.round_keys = text2matrix(master_key)
for i in range(4, 4 * 11):
self.round_keys.append([])
# 4的倍数
if i % 4 == 0:
# 列i-4 异或 列i-1 异或 轮常量Rcon[int(i / 4)]
# 旋转字节
# 第一个字节--》取原来的第二个字节，然后代换
byte = self.round_keys[i - 4][0] \
^ Sbox[self.round_keys[i - 1][1]] \
^ Rcon[int(i / 4)]
self.round_keys[i].append(byte)
# 其他三个字节
# 原字节都向后移一位
for j in range(1, 4):
byte = self.round_keys[i - 4][j] \
^ Sbox[self.round_keys[i - 1][(j + 1) % 4]]
self.round_keys[i].append(byte)
# 不是4的倍数
else:
# 列i-4 异或 列i-1
for j in range(4):
byte = self.round_keys[i - 4][j] \
^ self.round_keys[i - 1][j]
self.round_keys[i].append(byte)
# print(self.round_keys)
def encrypt(self, plaintext):
# 加密函数
self.plain_state = text2matrix(plaintext)
self.__add_round_key(self.plain_state, self.round_keys[:4])
for i in range(1, 10):
self.__round_encrypt(self.plain_state, self.round_keys[4 * i : 4 * (i + 1)])
self.__sub_bytes(self.plain_state)
self.__shift_rows(self.plain_state)
self.__add_round_key(self.plain_state, self.round_keys[40:])
return matrix2text(self.plain_state)
def decrypt(self, ciphertext):
# 解密函数
self.cipher_state = text2matrix(ciphertext)
self.__add_round_key(self.cipher_state, self.round_keys[40:])
self.__inv_shift_rows(self.cipher_state)
self.__inv_sub_bytes(self.cipher_state)
for i in range(9, 0, -1):
self.__round_decrypt(self.cipher_state, self.round_keys[4 * i : 4 * (i + 1)])
self.__add_round_key(self.cipher_state, self.round_keys[:4])
return matrix2text(self.cipher_state)
def __add_round_key(self, s, k):
# 轮密钥加
for i in range(4):
for j in range(4):
s[i][j] ^= k[i][j]
def __round_encrypt(self, state_matrix, key_matrix):
# 轮加密
self.__sub_bytes(state_matrix)
self.__shift_rows(state_matrix)
self.__mix_columns(state_matrix)
self.__add_round_key(state_matrix, key_matrix)
def __round_decrypt(self, state_matrix, key_matrix):
# 轮解密
self.__add_round_key(state_matrix, key_matrix)
self.__inv_mix_columns(state_matrix)
self.__inv_shift_rows(state_matrix)
self.__inv_sub_bytes(state_matrix)
def __sub_bytes(self, s):
# 字节代换
for i in range(4):
for j in range(4):
s[i][j] = Sbox[s[i][j]]
def __inv_sub_bytes(self, s):
# 逆字节代换
for i in range(4):
for j in range(4):
s[i][j] = InvSbox[s[i][j]]
def __shift_rows(self, s):
# 行移位
s[0][1], s[1][1], s[2][1], s[3][1] = s[1][1], s[2][1], s[3][1], s[0][1]
s[0][2], s[1][2], s[2][2], s[3][2] = s[2][2], s[3][2], s[0][2], s[1][2]
s[0][3], s[1][3], s[2][3], s[3][3] = s[3][3], s[0][3], s[1][3], s[2][3]
def __inv_shift_rows(self, s):
# 逆行移位
s[0][1], s[1][1], s[2][1], s[3][1] = s[3][1], s[0][1], s[1][1], s[2][1]
s[0][2], s[1][2], s[2][2], s[3][2] = s[2][2], s[3][2], s[0][2], s[1][2]
s[0][3], s[1][3], s[2][3], s[3][3] = s[1][3], s[2][3], s[3][3], s[0][3]
def __mix_single_column(self, a):
# 混合单列
t = a[0] ^ a[1] ^ a[2] ^ a[3]
u = a[0]
a[0] ^= t ^ xtime(a[0] ^ a[1])
# a0 ^ (a0 ^ a1 ^ a2 ^ a3) ^ (0x02 * (a0 ^ a1))
# (0x02 * a0) ^ (0x03 * a1) ^ (0x01 * a2) ^ (0x01 * a3)
a[1] ^= t ^ xtime(a[1] ^ a[2])
a[2] ^= t ^ xtime(a[2] ^ a[3])
a[3] ^= t ^ xtime(a[3] ^ u)
# | 02 03 01 01 |
# | 01 02 03 01 |
# | 01 01 02 03 |
# | 03 01 01 02 |
# 0x01 * x = x（不需要计算）
# 0x02 * x = xtime(x)
# 0x03 * x = x ^ xtime(x)
# new_state[0] = (0x02 * state[0]) ^ (0x03 * state[1]) ^ (0x01 * state[2]) ^ (0x01 * state[3])
# new_state[1] = (0x01 * state[0]) ^ (0x02 * state[1]) ^ (0x03 * state[2]) ^ (0x01 * state[3])
# new_state[2] = (0x01 * state[0]) ^ (0x01 * state[1]) ^ (0x02 * state[2]) ^ (0x03 * state[3])
# new_state[3] = (0x03 * state[0]) ^ (0x01 * state[1]) ^ (0x01 * state[2]) ^ (0x02 * state[3])
def __mix_columns(self, s):
# 列混淆
for i in range(4):
self.__mix_single_column(s[i])
def __inv_mix_columns(self, s):
# 逆列混淆
for i in range(4):
# * 0x04
u = xtime(xtime(s[i][0] ^ s[i][2]))
v = xtime(xtime(s[i][1] ^ s[i][3]))
s[i][0] ^= u
s[i][1] ^= v
s[i][2] ^= u
s[i][3] ^= v
self.__mix_columns(s)
# | 0E 0B 0D 09 |
# | 09 0E 0B 0D |
# | 0D 09 0E 0B |
# | 0B 0D 09 0E |
# 0x0E * x = xtime(xtime(xtime(x))) ^ xtime(xtime(x)) ^ xtime(x)
# 0x0B * x = xtime(xtime(xtime(x))) ^ xtime(x) ^ x
# 0x0D * x = xtime(xtime(xtime(x))) ^ xtime(xtime(x)) ^ x
# 0x09 * x = xtime(xtime(xtime(x))) ^ x
# new_state[0] = (0x0E * state[0]) ^ (0x0B * state[1]) ^ (0x0D * state[2]) ^ (0x09 * state[3])
# new_state[1] = (0x09 * state[0]) ^ (0x0E * state[1]) ^ (0x0B * state[2]) ^ (0x0D * state[3])
# new_state[2] = (0x0D * state[0]) ^ (0x09 * state[1]) ^ (0x0E * state[2]) ^ (0x0B * state[3])
# new_state[3] = (0x0B * state[0]) ^ (0x0D * state[1]) ^ (0x09 * state[2]) ^ (0x0E * state[3])
if __name__ == "__main__":
# print("%x" % Sbox[0x00])
passGUI.py
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter import ttk
from aes import AES
class AESApp:
def __init__(self, root):
self.root = root
self.root.title("AES 加密/解密工具")
# 创建 Notebook（选项卡）
self.notebook = tk.ttk.Notebook(root)
self.notebook.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
# 创建加/解密选项卡
self.create_encrypt_decrypt_tab()
def create_encrypt_decrypt_tab(self):
# 创建加/解密选项卡
tab = ttk.Frame(self.notebook)
self.notebook.add(tab, text="加/解密")
# 原文输入框
input_label = ttk.Label(tab, text="原文：")
input_label.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=10, sticky="w")
self.input_text = tk.Text(tab, height=15, width=80)
self.input_text.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)
# 密钥输入框
key_label = ttk.Label(tab, text="密钥：")
key_label.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=10, pady=10, sticky="w")
self.key_entry = ttk.Entry(tab, width=80)
self.key_entry.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky="w")
# 创建一个 Frame 来放置按钮
button_frame = ttk.Frame(tab)
button_frame.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=2, padx=10, pady=10)
# 加密按钮
encrypt_button = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="👇加密👇", command=self.encrypt_text)
encrypt_button.pack(side="left", padx=10)
# 解密按钮
decrypt_button = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="👆解密👆", command=self.decrypt_text)
decrypt_button.pack(side="left", padx=10)
# 密文输出框
output_label = ttk.Label(tab, text="密文：")
output_label.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=10, pady=10, sticky="w")
self.output_text = tk.Text(tab, height=15, width=80)
self.output_text.grid(row=3, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)
def encrypt_text(self):
# 获取输入
plaintext = self.input_text.get("1.0", tk.END).strip()
key = self.key_entry.get().strip()
# 检查输入是否为空
if not plaintext or not key:
messagebox.showerror("错误", "请输入原文和密钥！")
return
try:
# 将密钥转换为整数
key_int = int(key, 16)
# 初始化 AES
aes = AES(key_int)
# 计算需要补充的字符数
padding_length = (32 - len(plaintext) % 32) % 32
# 补充字符
s_padded = plaintext + '0' * padding_length
# 分组
groups = [s_padded[i:i+32] for i in range(0, len(s_padded), 32)]
ciphertext_str = ''
for group in groups:
# 加密
ciphertext_str += str(hex(aes.encrypt(int(group, 16))))[2:]
print(group)
# 显示结果到密文框
self.output_text.delete("1.0", tk.END)
self.output_text.insert(tk.END, ciphertext_str)
except ValueError:
messagebox.showerror("错误", "请输入有效的16进制数！")
def decrypt_text(self):
# 获取输入
ciphertext = self.output_text.get("1.0", tk.END).strip()
key = self.key_entry.get().strip()
# 检查输入是否为空
if not ciphertext or not key:
messagebox.showerror("错误", "请输入密文和密钥！")
return
try:
# 将密钥转换为整数
key_int = int(key, 16)
# 初始化 AES
aes = AES(key_int)
# 计算需要补充的字符数
padding_length = (32 - len(ciphertext) % 32) % 32
# 补充字符
s_padded = ciphertext + '0' * padding_length
# 分组
groups = [s_padded[i:i+32] for i in range(0, len(s_padded), 32)]
plaintext_str = ''
for group in groups:
# 解密
plaintext_str += str(hex(aes.decrypt(int(group, 16))))[2:]
print(group)
# 显示结果到原文框
self.input_text.delete("1.0", tk.END)
self.input_text.insert(tk.END, plaintext_str)
except ValueError:
messagebox.showerror("错误", "请输入有效的16进制数！")
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
app = AESApp(root)
root.mainloop()验证方法
按照如下设置即可验证：
